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2.
Soc Sci Med ; 314: 115482, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2086739

ABSTRACT

The UN Security Council's response to Ebola in 2014 legitimised militarised responses. It also influenced responses to COVID-19 in some African countries. Yet, little is known about the day-to-day impacts for ordinary citizens of mobilising armies for epidemic control. Drawing on 18 months ethnographic research, this article analyses militarised responses to COVID-19 during, and following, two lockdowns at contrasting sites in Uganda: a small town in Pakwach district and a village in Kasese district. Both field sites lie close to the border of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Although the practice of health security varied between sites, the militarised response had more impact than the disease in these two places. The armed forces scaled back movement from urban conurbations to rural and peri-urban areas; while simultaneously enabling locally based official public authorities to use the proclaimed priorities of President Museveni's government to enhance their position and power. This led to a situation whereby inhabitants created new modes of mutuality to resist or subvert the regulations being enforced, including the establishment of new forms of cross-border movement. These findings problematise the widely held view that Uganda's response to COVID-19 was successful. Overall, it is argued that the on-going securitisation of global health has helped to create the political space to militarise the response. While this has had unknown effects on the prevalence of COVID-19, it has entrenched unaccountable modes of public authority and created a heightened sense of insecurity on the ground. The tendency to condone the violent practice of militarised public health programmes by international and national actors reflects a broader shift in the acceptance of more authoritarian forms of governance.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Epidemics , Military Personnel , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Uganda/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control
3.
Geam-Geoingegneria Ambientale E Mineraria-Geam-Geoengineering Environment and Mining ; - (163):56-64, 2021.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1579546

ABSTRACT

Y The majority of rural areas in developing countries live in a state of chronic emergency, due for the most part to the lack of sanitary assistance and food. Covid-19 aggravates this situation, complicating the action of International Cooperation in these countries. To this extent, the case study of the Nosy Mitsio island (Madagascar) is presented. The partnership between H4O, Kukula and Politecnico di Torino aimed to develop the design of a water supply system on the island, providing water for vegetable gardens and thus allowing the local population to achieve food self-sufficiency.The project was supposed to be implemented in 2020 before the Covid-19 pandemic happened. However, despite this major obstacle, the design started with a literature review and the data analysis of soil and water samples collected from the island. The relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and the project development highlights the central role of smart cooperation: i.e., engagement, inclusion and participation of local communities and their professional training is essential for remote working of NGOs projects during the pandemic.

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